Sudan, formerly Nubia; than in 1899 became Anglo/Egyptian Sudan and then in 1956 became independent Sudan, is a country in Northern Africa bordered by the Red Sea, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, Egypt to its north, Chad and the Central African Republic to the west and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Uganda and Kenya to the south.

Sudan was home to the Kingdom of Kush which once ruled Egypt. Meroe, the capital of Kush, is thought by some to be the origin of iron working Africa.

The Dinka are the largest tribal group. Other inportant tribes are the Shilluk, Nuer, Azande, Bari, Bor, Jo, Luo, Acholi, Beda, Toposa and Lotuhu.
Sudan is in some respects, a microcosm of Africa in that it has two peoples; the Arabs in the north; and, the black African in the south.